Devansh+Khatri


 * // __Experiment 1__ //**


 * // __Aim__ //** : To acquire data on the endothermic reactions between sodium bicarbonate and citric acid.


 * // __Apparatus__ //** : Beakers, weighing balance (digital), measuring cylinder, thermometer, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and stirring rod.

**// __Procedure.__ //**

To make different molarities of solutions, we took 2.1, 4.2, 6.3, 8.4, and 10.5 grams of citric acid into 100cc of water labeled A to E.

We then made five pouches which contained 5 grams of sodium bicarbonate (NAHCO3) in each.

Then we put in the temperature probe into beaker A which contained 2.1 grams of citric acid and 100cc of water which is the 0.1 molarity.

After which we added the first pouch of sodium bicarbonate into the beaker and start collecting the data on the laptop.

We then repeated the above processes for all the molarities in beaker B to E and recorded the graphs and compared them.

**// __Observation.__ //**

When the sodium bicarbonate was added into the solutions, effervescence was noticed and bubbles were visible.

**// __Conclusion.__ //**

The higher the concentration of the citric acid, the more higher the temperature change in the reaction.


 * Mass of citric acid (gms) || Volume of water (cc) || Concentration (mol) ||
 * 2.1 || 100 || 0.1 ||
 * 4.2 || 100 || 0.2 ||
 * 6.3 || 100 || 0.3 ||
 * 8.4 || 100 || 0.4 ||
 * 10.5 || 100 || 0.5 ||

**// __Experiment 2__ //**


 * // __Aim:__ //** To see the salt saturation in 50cc of water at different temperatures.


 * // __Apparatus__ //** : beakers, measuring cylinder, weighing machine (digital) sodium chloride, water, thermometer, sodium chloride and stirring rod.

**// __Procedure.__ //**

We took five different beakers of water in which each contained 50cc of water.

Then I put in one beaker in the fridge to drop the temperature to 10 degrees and I heated the other four ranging from temperatures between 20 degrees and 50 degrees.

In each beaker individually, I continued adding salt and stirring until the salt stops dissolving and starts depositing in excess.

We repeated this procedure for all the five beakers.

**// __Observation.__ //**

Salt depositions once saturation is complete.

**// __Conclusion.__ //**


 * Temperature © || Initial mass (gms) || Final mass (gms) || Salt dissolved (gms) ||
 * 10 || 120.06 || 125.44 || 5.38 ||
 * 20 || 152.2 || 157.4 || 5.13 ||
 * 30 || 152.1 || 164.4 || 12.3 ||
 * 40 || 125.46 || 142.12 || 16.66 ||

**//__ Experiment 3 __//**

 ** __Aim__: **To find the difference in time to reach the emission of carbon dioxide gase till 100000 pps with different masses of calcium carbonate.

**__apparatus __****: **Beam Balance, Data Logos with carbon dioxide sensor, Laptop, Beaker, Spatula and measuring cylinder.  **__Reagent Required __****: **Calcium carbonate and HCl Acid (1 mol)


 * __Prediction__:**The more we put calcium carbonate in constant HCl it take more less time to emit 100000 pps carbon dioxide.

**//__Procedure __//****//: //** · Install Data loger’s software in your laptop. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">measure the different masses of calcium carbonate and record it, atleast take 3 masses. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Then take 50 cm3 of HCl and in a beaker. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prepare the data logos with a carbon dioxide sensor and connect it to laptop. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Put the HCl in C02 sensor beaker. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Put calcium carbonate in that beaker. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Than immediately put CO2 sensor in that beaker and immediately start collect in your laptop in data logos software. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Graph will be plotted on your laptop. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Then use different mass of calcium carbonate with 50 cm3 of HCl, so different graph will be plotted, repeat this at least 3 times with different masses.

**//__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Experiment 4 __//** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> **//__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Procedure __//**//<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">: // <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Take Cuso4 in beaker and measure the starting temperature.Take zinc granules and crush them with mortar and pestle. Now add Cuso4 and Zn and immediately start the stop clock. Then measure the temp. at 30s interval and calculate the amount of heat given by formula heat <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">mass of reagent x specific heat x defference in temperature / number of moles.
 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Aim: __** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">To find the amount of heat produce in a exothermic reaction between CuSO4 and Zn
 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">apparatus __**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">: thermometer, measuring cylinder, stop watch, beam balance, beaker, dropper, zinc and copper sulphate.

**//__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Experiment 5 __//**


 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Aim : __**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Calculate the heat realeased in reaction of HCL and NAOH


 * __apparatus__**: beaker, dropper, thermometer and measuring cylinder,beam Balance, NAOH (2 mol) and HCL (2 mol)

<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Record mass of a empty beaker <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Put 25 cc of HCL in another beaker <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Put 25 cc of NAOH in again a different beaker <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Now measure the initial temperature of both the chemicals <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Now take the empty beaker and add HCL and NAOH and immediately place a thermometer <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 14.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Measure the temperature till the experiment ends <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">Now measure the mass of beaker with the chemicals
 * //__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">Procedure: __//**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1;">

**//__ BHOPAL __//****//__ GAS TRAGEDY REVIEW. __//**

**// Around 1 a.m. on Monday, the 3rd of December, 1984, in a densely populated region in the city of Bhopal, Central India, a poisonous vapor burst from the tall stacks of the Union Carbide pesticide //** **// plant. This vapor was a highly toxic cloud of methyl isocyanate. Of the 800,000 //** **// people //** **// living in Bhopal at the time, 2,000 died immediately, and as many as 300,000 were injured. In addition, about 7,000 animals were injured, of which about one thousand were killed. “A series of studies made five years later showed that many of the survivors were still suffering from one or several of the following ailments: partial or complete blindness, gastrointestinal disorders, impaired immune systems, post traumatic stress disorders, and menstrual problems in women. A rise in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and offspring with genetic defects was also noted. //** **// The post-accident analysis of the process showed that the accident started when a tank containing methyl isocyanate (MIC) leaked. MIC is an extremely reactive chemical and is used in production of the insecticide carbaryl. It is presumed that the scientific reason for the accident at Bhopal is that water entered the tank where about 40 cubic meters of MIC was stored. When water and MIC mixed, an exothermic chemical reaction started, producing a lot of heat. As a result, the safety valve of the tank burst because of the increase in pressure. This burst was so violent that the coating of concrete around the tank also broke. It is presumed that between 20 and 30 tonnes of MIC were released during the hour that the leak took place. The gas \ leaked from a 30 m high chimney and this height was not enough to reduce the effects of the discharge. The reason was that the high moisture content (aerosol) in the discharge when evaporating, gave rise to a heavy gas which rapidly sank to the ground. The weather egged on this process. The conditions on the fateful day were typical for a clear night in the region, with a weak wind which frequently changed direction, which in turn helped the gas to cover more area in a shorter period of time (about one hour). The weak wind and the weak vertical turbulence caused a slow dilution of gas and thus allowed the poisonous gas to spread over considerable distances. (Chemical Accidents...) Many different terms have been used to describe the events in Bhopal that early morning of December 3, 1984: accident, disaster, catastrophe, crisis and also as sabotage, conspiracy, massacre, and experiment, whichever best suited the arguments that would help to pin the ‘blame’ on somebody. One of the main reasons for the tragedy was found to be a result of a combination of human factors and an incorrectly designed safety system. “A portion of the safety equipment at the plant had been non-operational for four months and the rest failed. When the plant finally sounded an alarm--an hour after the toxic cloud had escaped--much of the harm had already been done.”(The Bhopal Disaster). Union Carbide itself believed the theory that the tragedy resulted when “ a disgruntled plant employee, apparently bent on spoiling a batch of methyl isocyanate, added water to a storage tank”(Browning). Still others, like the many experts in industrial safety, believe that the tragedy was preventable, arguing that it was the due to “....the negligence on the part of the Union Carbide Corporation and its corporate subsidiary Union Carbide of India Ltd.(UCIL), which had the responsibility for taking care of the day-to-day operations of the facility”. The corporation and its subsidiary were also charged with corporate irresponsibility for pursuing the profits instead of the safety and hazard standards. The Madhya Pradesh State government had not mandated any safety standards and Union Carbide failed to implement its own (i.e. US) safety rules, apparently comfortable in the knowledge that it was not contravening Indian regulation. “The Bhopal plant experienced six accidents between 1981 and1984, at least three of which involved MIC or phosgene, a highly poisonous gas used in World War I and a component in the manufacture of MIC. Even so, the negligent behavior on the part of Union Carbide regarding safety standards raised little concern among the citizens of Bhopal. So, why were the people of Bhopal so indifferent when voicing their concerns on the safety factors in the Union Carbide plant? Why was nothing done about the defective safety equipment? To understand this, it is important to understand that India is a poor nation. The country needed pesticides to protect her agricultural production. MIC is used to produce pesticides that control insects which would in turn, help increase production of food - central to India’s Green Revolution, which was ironically, US imposed. Initially, India imported the MIC from the United States. In an attempt to achieve industrial self-sufficiency, India invited Union Carbide to set up a plant in the state of Madhya Pradesh to produce methyl isocyanate. The license was given to them on the belief that the chemical industry would provide the desperately needed jobs and capital for the people of the country. To the people of the city of Bhopal, Union Carbide was a highly respected, technically advanced Western company that would bring them the jobs they needed. This coupled with political power and scientific expertise worked together to changed the people’s perception of what was dangerous and more importantly what was safe. //**


 * //__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">BT BRINJAL __//** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">

BT Brinjal stands for Bacillus Thuringiensis Brinjal. To understand what is BT Brinjal, first you have to understand what kind of Brinjal in India and there production. There are as many as 2000 varieties are available in India. But most of the crops are destroyed due to insect, resulting in huge loss for farmers. Bt Brinjal is a transgenic brinjal created by inserting a gene (Cry 1Ac) from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) into Brinjal. This is said to give the Brinjal plant resistance against lepidopteron insects like the Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer and Fruit Borer. The insect's digestive processes are disrupted, ultimately resulting in its death, upon ingestion of the Bt toxin. Bacillus Thuringiensis or Bt is a soil-dwelling bacterium, which acts as a pesticide and increases brinjal yields. These seeds are also made in India. In one of the famous seed company that’s Mahyco in collaboration with American multinational Monsanto. So that why they have to produce this type of seeds.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">1. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bt brinjal appears to have 15 percent less calories and different alkaloid content compared to non GM brinjal. It contains 16 to 17 mg/kg Bt insecticide toxin. When fed to animals, effects were observed on blood chemistry with significant differences according to the sex of the animal or period of measurement. Other effects were on blood clotting time, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphate in goats and rabbits. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">2. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rats fed Bt brinjal had diarrhoea, increased water consumption; decrease in liver weight, and liver to body weight. Feed intake was modified in broiler chickens. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">3. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bt brinjal produces a protein in the vegetable cells that induce antibiotic resistance. This is recognized as a major health problem and is inappropriate for commercial use. Changes in lactating cows were observed in increased weight gain, intake of more dry roughage matter and milk production up by 10 to 14 percent as if they were treated by a hormone. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">4. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">Environment activists says the effect of GM (genetically modified) crops on rats have shown to be fatal for lungs and kidneys. It is dangerous to introduce these experimental foods into the market without proper research, they say. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text1;">5. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">The side effect of BT cotton can also be seen now days.
 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">HAZARDOUS EFFECTS OF THE BT BRINJAL __**

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 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bt Brinjal in India __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Bt Brinjal is being developed in India by M/s Mahyco [Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company]. No GM Brinjal has been released for an advanced stage of field trials in open conditions anywhere in the world. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">On February 9, 2010 the government of India officially announced that it needs some more time to release Bt brinjal. Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh said that there is no over-riding urgency to introduce Bt Brinjal in India **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Another question remains unanswered, why government is in hurry to give nod to BT brinjal for commercial use? It should not be experimented on Indians first. **

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-themecolor: text1;">The government's Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), which cleared Bt Brinjal for commercial release in October, said it will reduce the farmers' dependence on pesticides and enable higher yields. Ramesh is now holding public meetings on the issue in various cities of India. At meetings in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Nagpur and Ahmedabad, there was vociferous opposition to the introduction of Bt Brinjal in India. The governments of eight states that between them produce most of the brinjal in the country -- West Bengal, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh -- have stated they will not allow introduction of Bt Brinjal.

The European Union has banned all genetically modified crops, while many other countries ban genetically modified food crops.